1995 Guidelines Manual
Chapter Two- PART P - OFFENSES INVOLVING PRISONS AND CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
2P1.1.Escape, Instigating or Assisting Escape
(a)Base Offense Level:
(1)13, if the custody or confinement is by virtue of an arrest on a charge of felony, or conviction of any offense;
(2)8, otherwise.
(b)Specific Offense Characteristics
(1)If the use or the threat of force against any person was involved, increase by 5 levels.
(2)If the defendant escaped from non-secure custody and returned voluntarily within ninety-six hours, decrease the offense level under 2P1.1(a)(1) by 7 levels or the offense level under 2P1.1(a)(2) by 4 levels. Provided, however, that this reduction shall not apply if the defendant, while away from the facility, committed any federal, state, or local offense punishable by a term of imprisonment of one year or more.
(3)If the defendant escaped from the non-secure custody of a community corrections center, community treatment center, "halfway house," or similar facility, and subsection (b)(2) is not applicable, decrease the offense level under subsection (a)(1) by 4 levels or the offense level under subsection (a)(2) by 2 levels. Provided, however, that this reduction shall not apply if the defendant, while away from the facility, committed any federal, state, or local offense punishable by a term of imprisonment of one year or more.
(4)If the defendant was a law enforcement or correctional officer or employee, or an employee of the Department of Justice, at the time of the offense, increase by 2 levels.
Commentary
Statutory Provisions: 18 U.S.C. 751, 752, 755; 28 U.S.C. 1826. For additional statutory provision(s), see Appendix A (Statutory Index).
Application Notes:
1."Non-secure custody" means custody with no significant physical restraint (e.g., where a defendant walked away from a work detail outside the security perimeter of an institution; where a defendant failed to return to any institution from a pass or unescorted furlough; or where a defendant escaped from an institution with no physical perimeter barrier).
2."Returned voluntarily" includes voluntarily returning to the institution or turning one's self in to a law enforcement authority as an escapee (not in connection with an arrest or other charges).
3.If the adjustment in subsection (b)(4) applies, no adjustment is to be made under 3B1.3 (Abuse of Position of Trust or Use of Special Skill).
4.If death or bodily injury resulted, an upward departure may be warranted. See Chapter Five, Part K (Departures).
5.Criminal history points under Chapter Four, Part A (Criminal History) are to be determined independently of the application of this guideline. For example, in the case of a defendant serving a one-year sentence of imprisonment at the time of the escape, criminal history points from 4A1.1(b) (for the sentence being served at the time of the escape), 4A1.1(d) (custody status), and 4A1.1(e) (recency) would be applicable.
6.If the adjustment in subsection (b)(1) applies as a result of conduct that involves an official victim, do not apply 3A1.2 (Official Victim).
Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 1989 (see Appendix C, amendments 200 and 201); November 1, 1990 (see Appendix C, amendment 341); November 1, 1991 (see Appendix C, amendment 406).
2P1.2.Providing or Possessing Contraband in Prison
(a)Base Offense Level:
(1)23, if the object was a firearm or destructive device.
(2)13, if the object was a weapon (other than a firearm or a destructive device), any object that might be used as a weapon or as a means of facilitating escape, ammunition, LSD, PCP, methamphetamine, or a narcotic drug.
(3)6, if the object was an alcoholic beverage, United States or foreign currency, or a controlled substance (other than LSD, PCP, methamphetamine, or a narcotic drug).
(4)4, if the object was any other object that threatened the order, discipline, or security of the institution or the life, health, or safety of an individual.
(b)Specific Offense Characteristic
(1)If the defendant was a law enforcement or correctional officer or employee, or an employee of the Department of Justice, at the time of the offense, increase by 2 levels.
(c)Cross Reference
(1)If the object of the offense was the distribution of a controlled substance, apply the offense level from 2D1.1 (Unlawful Manufacturing, Importing, Exporting, or Trafficking; Attempt or Conspiracy). Provided, that if the defendant is convicted under 18 U.S.C. 1791(a)(1) and is punishable under 18 U.S.C. 1791(b)(1), and the resulting offense level is less than level 26, increase to level 26.
Commentary
Statutory Provision: 18 U.S.C. 1791.
Application Notes:
1.If the adjustment in 2P1.2(b)(1) applies, no adjustment is to be made under 3B1.3 (Abuse of Position of Trust or Use of Special Skill).
2.Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1791(c), as amended, a sentence imposed upon an inmate for a violation of 18 U.S.C. 1791 shall be consecutive to the sentence being served at the time of the violation.
Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. Amended effective November 1, 1989 (see Appendix C, amendments 202 and 203); November 1, 1995 (see Appendix C, amendment 525).
2P1.3.Engaging In, Inciting or Attempting to Incite a Riot Involving Persons in a Facility for Official Detention
(a)Base Offense Level:
(1)22, if the offense was committed under circumstances creating a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury to any person.
(2)16, if the offense involved a major disruption to the operation of an institution.
(3)10, otherwise.
Commentary
Statutory Provision: 18 U.S.C. 1792.
Application Note:
1.If death or bodily injury resulted, an upward departure may be warranted. See Chapter Five, Part K (Departures).
Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987.
2P1.4. [Deleted]
Historical Note: Section 2P1.4 (Trespass on Bureau of Prisons Facilities), effective November 1, 1987, was deleted effective November 1, 1989 (see Appendix C, amendment 204).
United States Sentencing Commission