2001 Federal Sentencing Guideline Manual
§4B1.5. Repeat and Dangerous Sex Offender Against Minors
(a) In any case in which the defendants instant offense of conviction is a covered sex crime, §4B1.1 (Career Offender) does not apply, and the defendant committed the instant offense of conviction subsequent to sustaining at least one sex offense conviction:
(1)The offense level shall be the greater of:
(A) the offense level determined under Chapters Two and Three; or
(B) the offense level from the table below decreased by the number of levels corresponding to any applicable adjustment from §3E1.1 (Acceptance of Responsibility):
| Offense Statutory Maximum | Offense Level | |
| (i) | Life | 37 |
| (ii) | 25 years or more | 34 |
| (iii) | 20 years or more, but less than 25 years | 32 |
| (iv) | 15 years or more, but less than 20 years | 29 |
| (v) | 10 years or more, but less than 15 years | 24 |
| (vi) | 5 years or more, but less than 10 years | 17 |
| (vii) | More than 1 year, but less than 5 years | 12. |
(2)The criminal history category shall be the greater of: (A) the criminal history category determined under Chapter Four, Part A (Criminal History); or (B) criminal history Category V.
(b) In any case in which the defendants instant offense of conviction is a covered sex crime, neither §4B1.1 nor subsection (a) of this guideline applies, and the defendant engaged in a pattern of activity involving prohibited sexual conduct:
(1)The offense level shall be 5 plus the offense level determined under Chapters Two and Three. However, if the resulting offense level is less than level 22, the offense level shall be level 22, decreased by the number of levels corresponding to any applicable adjustment from §3E1.1.
(2)The criminal history category shall be the criminal history category determined under Chapter Four, Part A.
Commentary
Application Notes:
1.Definitions.For purposes of this guideline:
"Minor" means an individual who had not attained the age of 18 years.
"Minor victim" includes (A) an undercover law enforcement officer who represented to the defendant that the officer was a minor; or (B) any minor the officer represented to the defendant would be involved in the prohibited sexual conduct.
2. Covered Sex Crime as Instant Offense of Conviction.For purposes of this guideline, the instant offense of conviction must be a covered sex crime, i.e.: (A) an offense, perpetrated against a minor, under (i) chapter 109A of title 18, United States Code; (ii) chapter 110 of such title, not including trafficking in, receipt of, or possession of, child pornography, or a recordkeeping offense; (iii) chapter 117 of such title, not including transmitting information about a minor or filing a factual statement about an alien individual; or (B) an attempt or a conspiracy to commit any offense described in subdivisions (A)(i) through (iii) of this note.
3. Application of Subsection (a).
(A) Definitions.For purposes of subsection (a):
(i)"Offense statutory maximum" means the maximum term of imprisonment authorized for the instant offense of conviction that is a covered sex crime, including any increase in that maximum term under a sentencing enhancement provision (such as a sentencing enhancement provision contained in 18 U.S.C. § 2247(a) or § 2426(a)) that applies to that covered sex crime because of the defendants prior criminal record.
(ii)"Sex offense conviction" (I) means any offense described in 18 U.S.C. § 2426(b)(1)(A) or (B), if the offense was perpetrated against a minor; and (II) does not include trafficking in, receipt of, or possession of, child pornography. "Child pornography" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. § 2256(8).
(B) Determination of Offense Statutory Maximum in the Case of Multiple Counts of Conviction.In a case in which more than one count of the instant offense of conviction is a felony that is a covered sex crime, the court shall use the maximum authorized term of imprisonment for the count that has the greatest offense statutory maximum, for purposes of determining the offense statutory maximum under subsection (a).
4. Application of Subsection (b).
(A) Definition.For purposes of subsection (b), "prohibited sexual conduct" (i) means any offense described in 18 U.S.C. § 2426(b)(1)(A) or (B); (ii) includes the production of child pornography; (iii) includes trafficking in child pornography only if, prior to the commission of the instant offense of conviction, the defendant sustained a felony conviction for that trafficking in child pornography; and (iv) does not include receipt or possession of child pornography. "Child pornography" has the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. § 2256(8).
(B) Determination of Pattern of Activity.
(i) In General.For purposes of subsection (b), the defendant engaged in a pattern of activity involving prohibited sexual conduct if
(I) on at least two separate occasions, the defendant engaged in prohibited sexual conduct with a minor; and
(II) there were at least two minor victims of the prohibited sexual conduct.
For example, the defendant engaged in a pattern of activity involving prohibited sexual conduct if there were two separate occasions of prohibited sexual conduct and each such occasion involved a different minor, or if there were two separate occasions of prohibited sexual conduct involving the same two minors.
(ii) Occasion of Prohibited Sexual Conduct.An occasion of prohibited sexual conduct may be considered for purposes of subsection (b) without regard to whether the occasion (I) occurred during the course of the instant offense; or (II) resulted in a conviction for the conduct that occurred on that occasion.
5. Treatment and Monitoring.
(A) Recommended Maximum Term of Supervised Release.The statutory maximum term of supervised release is recommended for offenders sentenced under this guideline.
(B) Recommended Conditions of Probation and Supervised Release.Treatment and monitoring are important tools for supervising offenders and should be considered as special conditions of any term of probation or supervised release that is imposed.
Background: This guideline is intended to provide lengthy incarceration for offenders who commit sex offenses against minors and who present a continuing danger to the public. It applies to offenders whose instant offense of conviction is a sex offense committed against a minor victim. The relevant criminal provisions provide for increased statutory maximum penalties for repeat sex offenders and make those increased statutory maximum penalties available if the defendant previously was convicted of any of several federal and state sex offenses ( see 18 U.S.C. §§ 2247, 2426). In addition, section 632 of Pub. L. 102141 and section 505 of Pub. L. 105314 directed the Commission to ensure lengthy incarceration for offenders who engage in a pattern of activity involving the sexual abuse or exploitation of minors.